Degenerate primers-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are commonly used for isolation of unidentified gene sequences in related organisms. For designing the degenerate primers, we propose the use of local alignment search method for searching the conserved regions long enough to design an acceptable primer pair. To test this method, a WD40 repeat-containing domain protein from Beauveria bassiana was used as reference sequence to find out a group of homologous gene sequences similar to some closely related to Verticillium dahliae. The retrieved sequences from Genbank amino acid sequence databases were analyzed for designing degenerate primers. The Multiple allignments of the selected sequences revealed two highly conserve motif regions of amino acids that enabled us to design a degenerate primers. Forward and reverse degenerate primers for amplification of the related WD40 repeat-containing domain gene were designed from an alignment of the translated sequences from some other fungi. By using two rounds of Touchdown Semi-Nested RT- PCR, a partial 249 bp PCR products were isolated and sequenced. The results showed that the amplified fragment between two motifs from V. dahliae with the reference protein has 66.3% similarities at the amino acid level. However, this value when the entire of both sequences were compared is 81.9% . These data suggested that homologues transcripts encoded to WD40 repeat-contaning protein can be isolated from V. dahliae using degenerate primers from the common motif regions through a local allignment search method.

Lung cancer is among the most common cause of cancer death in the world. Since the disease is diagnosed in the middle or late stages of the cancer development a more efficient method for an early diagnosis of the disease is required. The main goal of this study was to investigate the correlation between aberrant promoter methylation of the two genes: SHOX2(Short stature homeobox 2) and WT1(Wilms’ tumor gene1), in the plasma samples of the Iranian lung cancer patients. Following filling questionnaires and obtaining the consent of all participants, 70 cases including 45 patients and 25 healthy controls who underwent bronchoscopy procedure in the Masih-Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, the blood samples were collected. DNA extraction was done and treatment was performed by sodium bisulfite applying Qiagen DNA methylation kit and Methylation specific PCR(MSP) was performed. The results showed a frequency of 82.2% and 55.55% of the hypermethylation for the SHOX2 and WT1 gene promoters in the caces samples, respectively. Our study demonstrated that hypermethylation of SHOX2 and WT1 genes promoter regions might be involved in lung cancer. The methylation of SHOX2 and WT1 in the blood plasma could be considered as the competent biomarkers for an early diagnosis of the lung cancer as a noninvasive method.

Nanoparticles of a new dinuclear silver(I) complex [Ag2(PPh3)2(μ-S-4nb-tsc)2(η1-S-4nb-tsc)2](NO3)2, where 4nb-tsc = 4-nitrobenzylidenethiosemicarbazone and PPh3 = triphenylphosphine, were prepared in an ultrasonic bath and characterized by FT-IR and SEM. The crystal structure of a suitable single crystal prepared by slow evaporation was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallized in the triclinic system with space group P-1 and Z = 2. X-ray results showed that the neutral thiosemicarbazone ligand 4nb-tsc was coordinated to silver(I) ion in two different bonding modes, μ-S, and η1-S. The shortest distance between the sulfur-bridged Ag cations was 3.576(5) Å. One P atom and three S atoms from three 4nb-tsc ligands coordinated to the silver(I) ion in a distorted tetrahedral geometry. In the crystal packing of the title compound, several hydrogen bonds were connecting the molecules of the complex.

Iso-butyric acid as a new, simple, and expensive solvent/catalyst was successfully used for the chemoselective Fischer’s synthesis of indolenines derivatives 3a-r by one-pot condensation reaction of various phenylhydrazines 1a-e with the substituted acetophenones 2a-c at reflux conditions. In this protocol, all products 3a-r were obtained in high yields and short reaction time. The structures of the product were established with spectroscopic data of 1H NMR, 13C-NMR, and FT-IR.

In this study, a class of bis-1,2-(4-aryl-2-alkyl-1H- inden-1-yl) ethane was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods such as 1HNMR, 13CNMR, melting point and FTIR. bis-1,2-(4-aryl-2-alkyl-1H- inden-1-yl) ethane was synthesized by the reaction of butyl­lithium, arylindenes and dibromoethane in a facile, one-pot strategy. It’s shown that these methods have a wide scope to afford libraries of aryl-substituted indenes. The prepared compounds was then applied as a ligand for the fabrication of a number of metal complexes which can be used as catalyst for the polymerization of the olefins.

In this study, four well-exposed outcrops of the Asmari Fm in the southeastern part of the Izeh Zone of the Zagros Mountains were measured and sampled. In this region, the Asmari Fm is Oligocene to Early Miocene in age as determined by large benthic foraminifera. Based on depositional geometries, biogenic contents and lateral and vertical variations of facies, three depositional models are proposed to illustrate the evolution of the Asmari carbonate platform. During the Chattian, large benthic foraminifera and coral-coralline red algae were dominant, while through the Early Miocene time interval (Aquitanian-Burdigalian), non-skeletal components along with porcelaneous foraminifera were the most conspicuous elements. These deposits formed a carbonate ramp in the Chattian and a low angle carbonate-ramp during the Early Miocene. Five major 3rd-order depositional sequences have been identified based on stratal stacking patterns and facies relationships. These depositional sequences show systematic progradations from SE to NW into and over the basinal Pabdeh Fm during Oligo-Miocene times.

Petro physics, rock physics and multi-attribute analysis have been employed in an integrated approach to delineate porosity variation across Tamag Field of Niger Delta Basin. Gamma and resistivity logs were employed to identify sand bodies and correlated across the field. Petro physical analysis was undertaken. Rock physics modelling and multi-attribute analysis were carried out. Two hydrocarbon reservoir sands (A and B) were delineated across the field. Reservoir A is a relatively clean sand, characterized with high average porosity of 0.28 while Reservoir B is also a relatively clean sand with lower average porosity of 0.24. Reservoir A is a replica of Friable Sand Model while reservoir B mirrors the Constant Cement Model. Acoustic impedance attributes serve as good predictors of lateral changes in porosity across the reservoirs. The internal fabric of Reservoir sand A is that of a clean high porosity sands implying that there are few or no diagenetic cement and the stiffness of the rock is weakly affected. This reservoir is relatively good quality due to its good porosity and sorting even at deeper depths. This unconsolidated sandstone reservoir is associated with high permeability but highly susceptible to sand production, which causes severe operational problem for oil and gas explorers. Reservoir B has good porosity but relatively lower that of Reservoir A. This conforms to the results of the petro physical analysis which shows that reservoir sand A with average porosity 0.28 is more porous than reservoir sand B with average porosity 0.24.

Non-parametric estimation of a survival function from left truncated data subject to right censoring has been extensively studied in the literature. It is commonly assumed in such studies that the lifetime variables are a sample of independent and identically distributed random variables from the target population. This assumption is often prone to failure in practical studies. For instance, when recruited subjects are all from the same institute or the same geographical region. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study in the past literature addressing such situations. In this article, we study large and small sample behavior of Tsai-Jewell-Wang estimator under positive and negative association.

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