University of Tehran Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran 1016-1104 36 1 2025 01 01 Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women on Their Offspring 21 27 105957 10.22059/jsciences.2025.364675.1007825 EN Maryam Montazeri 1 Razi Clinical Researches Development, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran Mohammad Ali Davar Panah 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran Mohammad Montazeri 3 Sarem Fertility and Infertility Research Center (SAFIR), Sarem Women's Hospital, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Lotfollah Davoodi 4 Department of Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran Journal Article 2023 09 02 The risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is approximately 30%. However, antiretroviral drugs can reduce MTCT to less than 2%. This study was designed to determine the effect of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected women and its maternal and neonatal outcomes in Iran. The study is a retrospective analysis of mother-infant data from Shiraz, Southern Iran, between 2006 and 2012. HIV-infected pregnant women were divided into two groups of intervention (receiving treatment or chemoprophylaxis) and control (not receiving any treatment). Maternal and neonatal information were extracted and recorded. The data were entered into SPSS software and were analyzed. The mother-to-child transmission was 2.9% in the intervention group compared to 15.8% in the control group (OR=0.01, 95% CI: 0.002-0.125, p<0.0001). The infant HIV infection rate was significantly higher in male infants (OR=2.76, CI 95% 2.213-3.327), NVD delivery (OR=3.78, CI 95% 3.140-4.409), and breastfeeding (OR=26, CI 95% 7.87-85.90). Treatment intervention significantly reduces the HIV transmission from infected mothers to their infants. However, the rate of vertical transmission in Iran remains higher than those reported in developed countries despite treatment interventions, and additional preventive measures appear necessary. https://jsciences.ut.ac.ir/article_105957_8527b4a8d9e90dc0ce7d381e00a94ad7.pdf